
Obstetrics and Gynaecology are the two surgical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs.
Obstetrics is the surgical speciality dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (the period shortly after birth). In obstetric practice, an obstetrician sees a pregnant woman on a regular basis to check the progress of the pregnancy, to verify the absence of ex-novo disease, to monitor the state of preexisting disease and its possible effect on the ongoing pregnancy.
Neonatology is a subspecialty of paediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
The principal patients of neonatologists are newborn infants who are ill or requiring special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, or birth asphyxias.
Rather than focussing on a particular organ system, neonatologists focus on the care of newborns who require ICU hospitalization. They may also act as general paediatricians, providing evaluation and care in the hospital.